What are the two basic categories of authority?

The two basic categories of authority are formal and informal. Formal authority is derived from a clear structure within an organization, typically associated with designated roles, hierarchies, and established policies. This type of authority is granted by the organization and is recognized by its members, allowing individuals to make decisions and enforce rules based on their positions.

On the other hand, informal authority arises from personal relationships, charisma, or expertise rather than from an official position. People who hold informal authority can influence others and guide decisions based on their knowledge, interpersonal skills, or reputation within the organization. Understanding the distinction between these two categories is vital for effective leadership and management in any setting, including healthcare security and safety.

The other options, while they offer different perspectives on authority, do not encompass the fundamental classifications recognized in organizational and security contexts as clearly as formal and informal do. Direct and indirect authority, for example, relate more to the manner of influence rather than the underlying structure. Similarly, primary and secondary or active and passive categorizations do not align with the conventional understanding of authority within organizations.